Santo Domingo

I have thought that a short life of Toussaint Louverture might be desirable
for two purposes —one is, that it may, in some degree, weaken that bitter
prejudice of color, which denies the blacks the rights of citizens—which
drives them away from the Communion-table—and will not let them enter an
omnibus, nor, if it can prevent it, into Heaven.

The other is, that it may encourage the blacks to deserve respect and honor—as
he did—by growing industrious, and rich, and intelligent, and brave, and
noble, and strong, and so prove their manhood against all infidels, north and
south—in the Church and out of it.

It should be borne in mind, that Toussaint was a negro, and that he was not
more ashamed of being black than he should be of being white.

Columbus called the Island of Santo Domingo “The Paradise of God.” The beauty
of its valleys, the wildness of its mountains, the tropical luxuriance of its
plains, confirm his opinion. But the Spaniards who followed him cared not for
beauty or fruitfulness; they were hungrier then than now for gold, and plunged
into the bosom of the beautiful island for that: a million of the simple
natives was sacrificed without mercy or care, to discover and dig the yellow
metal. Las Casas only was moved to pity, and he said, “Might not the grosser
and hardier African be made to take these burdens, and spare this destruction
of the mild Indians?”

To steal, to seduce, and to buy negroes from the African coasts, and to sell
them to this island, soon became a great and profitable traffic, yielding
large returns to the Lisbon merchants. Kings and emperors participated in it,
and bishops did not always condemn. Three hundred slave ships, every year,
spread robbery, conflagration, and carnage along the African coasts. Eighty
thousand creatures, torn from their homes, crowded their holds, and were
carried to market. “The laws and usages of Africa forbade this,” but those of
Europe did not...

*[XXe]: 20e siècle